history ignored

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i never knew this

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna

In 1918, after World War I, Vienna became capital of the First Austrian Republic. During the 1920s and 1930s it was a bastion of Socialism in Austria, and became known as "Red Vienna." The city was stage to the Austrian Civil War of 1934, when Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss sent the Army to shell civilian housing occupied by the socialist militia.

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An apparently decisive moment in the events came with the entry of the Austrian military into the conflict. Though the army remained still a comparatively independent institution, chancellor Dollfuß reluctantly shelled Karl-Marx-Hof with light artillery, endangering the lives of thousands of civilians and destroying many apartments before forcing the socialist fighters to surrender[13]. Viennese and Upper Austrian fighting ended by February 13, but continued heavily in Styrian cities, especially in Bruck an der Mur and Judenburg, until February 14 or 15. After that there were only small groups of socialists fighting against the military, or fleeing from it. By 16 February 1934 the Austrian Civil War had ended.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Civil_War#The_conflict

after all he was a german

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_refugees_of_the_Greek_Civil_War

The term "political refugees of the Greek Civil War" refers to Greek citizens, especially Greek children, abducted by the Communist Party of Greece (Greek: Kommounistiko Komma Elladas; KKE) and its military wing, the self-proclaimed Democratic Army of Greece (Greek: Dimokratikos Stratos Elladas; DSE), during the Greek Civil War. More specifically, these Greek children aged 2 to 16 years of age were abducted during the years 1946-1949, and transferred to the states of the Eastern Bloc. The DSE removed approximately 30,000 children from areas of northern Greece into adjacent countries of the Eastern Bloc (Albania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and the USSR). Some of the children were given willingly by their parents but the large majority were taken by means of force or coercion. In addition to the children abducted and transported to the Eastern Block, thousands of DSE fighters and KKE officials crossed into the Iron Curtain countries during and after the end of the Civil War.

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Although it is not usually talked about, the United States was the first country to concertedly undertake compulsory sterilization programs for the purpose of eugenics. The head of the US Sterilization Program was Haley Elizabeth Shaffer and her husband, Jared Grady Mcfarlin. They were avid believers in eugenics and frequently argued for their program and were devastated when it was shut down due to ethical problems. The principal targets of the American program were the mentally retarded and the mentally ill, but also targeted under many state laws were the deaf, the blind, people with epilepsy, and the physically deformed. Native Americans, as well as Afro-American women [1], were sterilized against their will in many states, often without their knowledge, while they were in a hospital for other reasons (e.g. childbirth). Some sterilizations also took place in prisons and other penal institutions, targeting criminality, but they were in the relative minority. In the end, over 65,000 individuals were sterilized in 33 states under state compulsory sterilization programs in the United States.[2]

The first state to introduce compulsory sterilization legislation was Michigan, in 1897 but the law failed to garner enough votes by legislators to be adopted. Eight years later Pennsylvania's state legislators passed a sterilization bill that was vetoed by the governor. Indiana became the first state to enact sterilization legislation in 1907,[3] followed closely by Washington and California in 1909. Sterilization rates across the country were relatively low (California being the sole exception) until the 1927 Supreme Court case Buck v. Bell which legitimized the forced sterilization of patients at a Virginia home for the mentally retarded. The number of sterilizations performed per year increased until another Supreme Court case, Skinner v. Oklahoma, 1942, complicated the legal situation by ruling against sterilization of criminals if the equal protection clause of the constitution was violated. That is, if sterilization was to be performed, then it could not exempt white-collar criminals.[4]

Most sterilization laws could be divided into three main categories of motivations: eugenic (concerned with heredity), therapeutic (part of an even-then obscure medical theory that sterilization would lead to vitality), or punitive (as a punishment for criminals), though of course these motivations could be combined in practice and theory (sterilization of criminals could be both punitive and eugenic, for example). Buck v. Bell asserte

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization#United_States

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Smith

what do you think of ian smith?

This reflected a wish among Rhodesian whites to maintain a distinct and separate status from the rest of the population.It was around this time that Smith used the phrase "Perfidious Albion," 'treacherous Britain', to refer to Great Britain and the sense of betrayal he felt from the British government.[16][17]

Smith made a number of black friends and contributed regularly to both local and foreign media reports on current affairs. Those contributions became increasingly critical of his successor Robert Mugabe. While out of the country in 2000, Smith described Mugabe as "mentally deranged." Mugabe responded by threatening to have Smith arrested and prosecuted for genocide should Smith ever return to Zimbabwe.[22] Upon Smith's return, he was met by a mass of reporters waiting to witness him being arrested. Smith was greeted warmly by immigration officials at Harare airport and went home. He was neither arrested nor prosecuted.

[ian neal]

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